|
Development of cattle breeds in %
|
|
year / breed
|
1947
|
1959
|
1969
|
1978
|
1985
|
1995
|
2001
|
2009
|
|
Austrian Simmental
|
36,3
|
45,9
|
62,9
|
74,6
|
78,6
|
81,3
|
79,7
|
77,7
|
|
Brown Swiss
|
11,8
|
14,1
|
15,6
|
13,5
|
11,9
|
10,0
|
9,6
|
7,7
|
|
Pinzgau Cattle
|
16,7
|
14,6
|
10,5
|
6,0
|
3,7
|
2,3
|
2,3 +
|
2,2+
|
|
Blond Cattle
|
24,9
|
20,0
|
6,9
|
0,7
|
0,3
|
*
|
*
|
0,1
|
|
Grey Cattle
|
2,0
|
1,7
|
1,2
|
1,2
|
0,7
|
0,7
|
0,7
|
0,9
|
|
Holstein Friesian
|
0,8
|
0,7
|
0,5
|
1,7
|
3,3
|
2,6
|
4,9
|
5,7
|
|
Beef Breeds
|
*
|
*
|
*
|
*
|
*
|
1,1
|
2,1
|
5,1
|
|
Others
|
7,5
|
3,0
|
2,4
|
2,3
|
1,5
|
1,9
|
0,4
|
*
|
|
Endangered Breeds °
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
x
|
0,1
|
0,3
|
0,6
|
|
* among others
|
° without Pinzgau and Grey Cattle
|
+ incl. crossing with RF
|
x not recorded
|
In Austria cattle breeding has a long history and is still the most
important part of animal husbandry because of different harsh
climates and a great share of alpine regions.
Around 1880 around 16 different cattle breeds were known, partly
concentrated in regions, others also spread all over the country.
From 1880 to 1950 things changed radically.
With beginning of the industrialisation, more animal products
were needed in urban areas. This trend favoured high-yielding
dual purpose breeds like Austrian Simmental and Brown Swiss.
Draught power of cattle was less important in agriculture
because of the technical progress. So other breeds lost
importance. The old breeds were not as economical as the
intense bred Austrian Simmental. Modern biotechnologies like AI
and embryotransfer led to a very fast decrease in the number of
breeds.
Some breeds are extinct, others were kept by some idealists in small populations.
The breeds Original Pinzgau Cattle and Tyrolean Grey Cattle have
an adequate population size to breed for yielding traits.
The other 7 breeds with smaller population size are defined as
highly endangered. In the last years all of the breeds could raise
their stock due to the conservation work.
Further information:
|
